Guardians of the Land: Scotland's Native Trees Unveiled (Part Two)

Despite its name, the wych elm is the only true native elm in the UK. Found in hilly or rocky woodlands, beside streams, and in ditches, it boasts durability and resistance to water. This hardy tree, easier to work for carpentry, has adorned boat parts, furniture, and more. While wych elm has declined due to Dutch elm disease, its significance remains in the ecosystems of Scotland.

Moving on to the hawthorn, this thorny shrub or small tree from the rose family graces the north temperate zone. Hawthorns are valued for ornamental purposes, forming sturdy hedges. Their deciduous nature, toothed or lobed leaves, and clusters of white or pink flowers followed by small apple-like pomes contribute to their allure. Hawthorns support wildlife, provide herbal medicine, and are known for their resilient barriers.

Dioecious holly, with male and female flowers on separate trees, blooms in early spring, offering nectar and pollen for bees. Mistle thrushes guard the berries, while holly wood finds use in furniture, walking sticks, and as firewood. Holly serves as a winter home for various wildlife, and its red berries become vital food for birds and small mammals.

The juniper, an evergreen conifer, adds vibrancy to winter landscapes. Dioecious and bearing aromatic berries, it thrives on chalk lowland, moorland, and native-pine woodland. Birds like the fieldfare and song thrush feast on its fruit, while its berries flavour gin and contribute to diverse culinary uses. The juniper's essential oil has historical applications in medicine and perfumery.

Elder, with large umbels of creamy-coloured, highly scented flowers, transforms into purple-black berries. While elder wood serves for carving, the flowers and cooked berries find use in wines, cordials, and teas. The plant is rich in dyes, with its various parts contributing to the colourful Harris Tweed. Historical uses include elder branches to deter flies.

Lastly, the wild cherry, cherished for its blossom and bright red fruits, grows up to 30m and lives for 60 years. Hermaphrodite with white, cup-shaped flowers, it provides early nectar for bees and cherries for birds and mammals. Its wood, with a sweet scent akin to its flowers, is used for veneers and furniture. The cherry's cultural significance ranges from cask hoops to promoting good complexion and eyesight.

These native trees not only stand as a testament to Scotland's natural heritage but also embody a wealth of resources for our well-being. From the sturdy wood of the wych elm to the vibrant berries of the holly, these trees offer a diverse array of materials for crafting, medicine, and sustenance.

Their ecological roles extend beyond utility; these trees play a crucial part in maintaining a healthy environment. As guardians of our air, they absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and contribute to a cleaner atmosphere. Their presence supports biodiversity, providing habitats for birds, insects, and other wildlife. The intricate relationships between these trees and various species create a delicate balance in our ecosystems.

For generations to come, these native trees hold the promise of sustenance, medicine, and essential materials. Preserving and nurturing them becomes a shared responsibility—a legacy that transcends our lifetimes. As we weave the stories of these trees into our cultural tapestry, let us ensure their continued existence, recognising the profound impact they have on our lives, our landscapes, and the delicate web of life they sustain.